Solidago × niederederi, a putative hybrid between S. canadensis and Solidago virgaurea, was found in 27 populations mixed with the parental species. This research represents the characterization of S.

Four co-occurring species of goldenrod bloom at different times with varying degrees of overlap; in order of peak flowering they are Solidago juncea, S. graminifolia, S. canadensis, and S. nemoralis.