The positively charged protons in atomic nuclei should actually repel each other, and yet even heavy nuclei with many protons and neutrons stick together. The so-called strong interaction is ...

Protons sit in the nuclei of all atoms, but they are not fundamental particles: They are made of three quarks held together ...

A new measurement of the strong nuclear force, which binds protons and neutrons together, confirms previous hints of an uncomfortable truth: We still don’t have a solid theoretical grasp of even the ...

Scientists have released the most detailed analysis yet of how protons and neutrons acquire their mass, solving a decades-long puzzle that the Nobel Prize-winning Higgs mechanism could not explain.

Question: when is a strong force not a strong force? Answer: when it’s anywhere outside the atomic nucleus. That at least is the case with the strong nuclear force, one of four fundamental forces of ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it. A proton isn't just three quarks and gluons, but a sea of dense ...

Billions of times each minute, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) smashes protons together, unleashing a maelstrom of energy that crystallizes into more protons, neutrons, and less familiar cousins of ...

CHAMPAIGN, Ill. — An international team of nuclear physicists has determined that particles called strange quarks do, indeed, contribute to the ordinary properties of the proton. Quarks are subatomic ...

The ATLAS collaboration recently measured the strength of the strong force to a record level of precision, but there’s still a long way to go toward understanding this fundamental force. In September, ...

These force-carrying particles are the glue that binds baryonic matter together. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works. Gluons are ...

The three valence quarks of a proton contribute to its spin, but so do the gluons, sea quarks and antiquarks, and orbital angular momentum as well. The electrostatic repulsion and the attractive ...

Alfredo has a PhD in Astrophysics and a Master's in Quantum Fields and Fundamental Forces from Imperial College London.View full profile Alfredo has a PhD in Astrophysics and a Master's in Quantum ...