Recent advances in image processing and optimisation techniques are transforming both scientific inquiry and practical applications. Researchers are deploying sophisticated algorithms that integrate ...

Document image binarization is a critical process that converts multi-tonal images into crisp binary renditions, thereby isolating textual elements from backgrounds and facilitating subsequent ...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have become foundational technologies in the field of image processing. Traditionally, AI image recognition involved algorithmic techniques for ...