The four-layer diode was the key to William Shockley's plan to revolutionize AT&T's phone system. It was a great device in theory, but not in practice -- at least not at the time when Shockley ...

Ideal diode equation for organic heterojunctions. II. The role of polaron pair recombination. Physical Review B, 2010; 82 (15) DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.155306 ...

This study was published in the journalPRX Energy. For almost 80 years, the Shockley diode equation has described current flow through solar cells, which power homes and charge battery banks.