Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination depends on membrane systems that serially cleanse water piped onshore from the ocean (see “Composites slake the world's thirst” and “Designing pressure ...

A very important issue for those makeup systems that have clarifiers upfront is that some coagulants and flocculants, if overdosed, can foul RO membranes. Aluminum salts are particularly notorious.

The vessels can be stacked or mounted on a frame like RO pressure vessels (the lower photo on page XXX) so the CEDI system takes up much less floor space than conventional ion-exchange deionizers.

Additional RO membranes, cartridge filters, and an RO pressure vessel were added to the existing system. Last but not the least, low-capacity components like the Feed pump, CIP Pump, and High-Pressure ...