Twin primes are two prime numbers that have a distance of two on the number line; that is, they are directly consecutive if you ignore even numbers. Examples include 3 and 5, 5 and 7, and 17 and 19.

Around 300 B.C.E., the Greek mathematician and logician Euclid proved that there are infinitely many prime numbers. Euclid began by assuming that there is a finite number of primes.

Prime numbers can be sorted into different types. In 1202, Leonardo Fibonacci introduced in his book "Liber Abaci: Book of Calculation" prime numbers of the form (2p - 1) where p is also prime ...