A topic that's often very confusing for beginners when using neural networks is data normalization and encoding. Because neural networks work internally with numeric data, binary data (such as sex, ...

where matrix is a character matrix or a quoted literal. The NUM function takes as an argument a character matrix with elements that are character numerics; and produces a numeric matrix with ...

An IML numeric element can have a special value called a missing value that indicates that the value is unknown or unspecified. (A matrix with missing values should not be confused with an empty or ...