Autophagy occurs constitutively in neurons under physiological conditions. Impairment of constitutive autophagy leads to neurodegeneration. Autophagic flux in the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) is ...

IN recent years, considerable attention has been, paid to neuro-physiology, and marked advances have taken place in our knowledge of the subject. As so few monographs have been available, Prof. J. F.

While the pupillary light reflex is predominantly controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system, the sympathetic nervous system also plays a vital role in regulating pupil size. The balance between ...

Anger and anxiety describe agitated physiological states and are sensations generated by your body’s response to threats. When states of agitation are sustained, your body’s physiology causes physical ...

Central nervous system — the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous system — the nerves that make your muscles move and tell your brain what your body is feeling Autonomic nervous system — the ...