Machines and processes are controlled using many strategies, from simple ladder logic to custom algorithms for specialized process control, but proportional-integral-derivative (PID) is the most ...

Experience — or at least education — often makes a big difference to having a successful project. For example, if you didn’t think about it much, you might think it is simple to control the ...

The energy of a graph is the sum of the moduli of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. We study the energy of integral circulant graphs, also called gcd graphs. Such a graph can be characterized ...

Let G be a non-trivial finite group, S ⊆ G \ {e} be a set such that if a ϵ S, then a⁻¹ ϵ S and e be the identity element of G. Suppose that Cay(G, S) is the Cayley graph with the vertex set G such ...