Key Concepts Heating a substance causes molecules to speed up and spread slightly further apart, occupying a larger volume that results in a decrease in density. Cooling a substance causes molecules ...

Procedure Pour cold, room temperature, and hot water into the cups so that the water is deep enough to cover an M&M. Place the three cups on the white paper. Write Cold, Room temp, and Hot near its ...

Cold and ultracold molecules have emerged in the past two decades as a central topic in quantum gas studies. This Review charts the recent advances in cooling and quantum state control techniques ...