Finding the grain boundaries in materials is vital because the material’s grain structure very often defines its mechanical properties. An example is given in the Hall-Petch relation, where strength ...

While predetermining mechanical properties supports this process, specifying grain size means that post-processing steps including drawing, coining, stamping, and machining turn-over lower scrap rates ...

(Top) Picture of thermal measurement setup in the Goodson lab, Stanford University. (bottom) The sample is placed on a high-precision stage and raster scanned to produce 2D images of the thermal ...