Florence developed what’s now known as the polar area diagram or Nightingale rose diagram to show Parliament the various ways in which soldiers were dying, and to impress upon them that so many ...

When nurse Florence Nightingale arrived at the British Army’s hospital in Constantinople in 1854 to help treat soldiers wounded in the Crimean War, she immediately encountered squalor: nonfunctional ...

When Florence Nightingale arrived at the Scutari military hospital in Turkey in 1854, conditions there were almost as bad as on the battlefield. As Britain and its allies pushed back against ...

Nightingale presented statistics using charts, tables, and diagrams, which were just beginning to appear in research reports, to make it easier for readers to visualize the comparison she was making.