Last week’s installment on columnar transposition ciphers described a formula for the underlying permutation for a CTC. If we assume that the number of columns being used divides the length of the ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract 1. Conifers have a tendency to produce detrimental changes in the soil that suppress decomposition. It is also possible that clear-felling and ...

Humans may be accelerating the rate at which organic matter decomposes in rivers and streams on a global scale, according to a new study. That could pose a threat to biodiversity in waterways around ...

The diffusion model has been widely used to explain the S-shaped cumulative growth of markets for retail service and consumer durable goods. In many situations, sales fluctuate because of both growth ...