Strain amount can be estimated by the ratio of velocity of P-wave and velocity of hammer impact. Assuming P-wave of concrete is 4000 m/s, 1250 micro strain can be generated by hammer impact with 0 ...

By a consideration of one-dimensional continuous flow, an additional condition, expressing the stability of compressive shocks, is derived. On the basis of these four conditions, it is then proved ...

Two-dimensional shear wave velocity investigation using the multi-channel analysis of surface waves helps identify lateral and vertical variations of shear wave velocity at shallow depth. This ...