Nigel Ray, Umbral Calculus, Binomial Enumeration and Chromatic Polynomials, Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, Vol. 309, No. 1 (Sep., 1988), pp. 191-213 ...

I observed an Algebra class recently where students were trying to multiply two polynomials, (x + 5) and (3x2 - 5x - 4). And as I roamed the room, I noticed several students who were stuck because ...

Example of a Binomial Tree Assume a stock has a price of $100, option strike price of $100, one-year expiration date, and interest rate (r) of 5%.