For many diagnosed with prostate cancer, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a powerful first-line treatment. While it is initially effective, some patients' tumours can develop resistance to it.

The most well known cause of androgen excess is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It affects up to 13% of women globally and costs the US alone an estimated US$15 billion (£11 bllion) each year.